Customs agencies operate as the gatekeepers of a nation's economy, tasked with collecting revenue (tariffs) and protecting against illegal/dangerous goods.
The Standard Clearance Flow
- Document Submission: The Customs Broker files the entry (e.g., CBP Form 3461 in the US) digitally before the goods arrive. Required docs: Commercial Invoice, Packing List, B/L, and Arrival Notice.
- Risk Assessment: The system algorithms flag shipments for inspection based on country of origin, importer history, and commodity type.
- Duty Calculation: Duties are levied based on the declared HS code and the Customs Value (usually CIF or FOB value, depending on the country).
- Payment & Release: Once duties are paid or bonded, customs issues a release.
Customs Bonds
In the US, commercial importers must have a Customs Bond. It guarantees CBP that all duties and penalties will be paid. You can purchase a Single Entry Bond or a Continuous Bond (valid for a year for multiple imports).